Heller bracken fern, bracken, western bracken fern, western bracken dennstaedtiaceae bracken fern family synonyms. Kuhn is an accepted name this name is the accepted name of a species in the genus pteridium family dennstaedtiaceae. The record derives from tropicos data supplied on 20120418 which reports it as an accepted name record 26600295 with original publication details. Bracken fern in gardens and in woodland areas may be located in all states, except nebraska. Bracken fern in gardens information on bracken fern growing. Physiological and physical properties of the antithiamine factor in bracken fern pteridium aquilinum l. In addition, users can learn about the location of vouchered specimens and see images to get a better visual for each plant. Bracken fern pteridium aquilinum us epa archive document. Download includes an excel spreadsheet of the attributes, and a pdf explaining the background and nomenclature. This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. Common bracken was first described as pteris aquilina by carl linnaeus, in. Identification of carcinogenic tannin isolated from bracken. Notes on taxonomy and nomenclature the genus pteridium dennstaedtiaceae comprises a few relatively stable morphotypes which are at least partially interfertile.
Pteridium aquilinum bracken this plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below. A taxonomic genus within the family dennstaedtiaceae bracken, the most widely distributed ferns. This file is licensed under the creative commons attributionshare alike 2. The root is very fibrous so traditionally it was baked after being dried, the outer skin was peeled off and the roots pounded into a powder with sticks so that the inner fibres could be removed. Pteridium aquilinum general botanical characteristics. View of morphoanatomic of pteridium aquilinum fern revista ucr. Identification of carcinogenic tannin isolated from. In the imatong mountains of sudan its altitudinal range is 18002600 m jackson, 1956 and up to 3200 m in colombia missouri botanical garden, 2003.
The website also provides access to a database and images of herbarium specimens found at the university of south florida and other herbaria. Pteridium aquilinum is a perennial, herbaceous fern that can gow around 120 250cm tall. Pteridium aquilinum subsp latiusculum, arbutus oaks. The extranuptial nectaries in the common brake, pteridium. This expansion is not apparent at the 10km scale as the species was almost ubiquitous in the 1962 atlas.
It can grow in semishade light woodland or no shade. Monoterpene emissions from an understory species, pteridium. Watt, contributions to the ecology of bracken pteridium aquilinum. Fleabane, hairy conyza bonariensis horsenettle solanum carolinense horseradish. Pteridium aquilinum online atlas of the british and irish flora. This plant may be known by one or more common names in.
The leaves or fronds of western brackenfern are normally from 1 to 10 feet 330 dm long including a stipe leafstalk that may be as long as 39 to 59 inches 1015 dm but is usually shorter than the leaf blade. In his taxonomic reassessment of the genus thomson 2000 concluded that the dna evidence suggested that morphotypes in pteridium were determined by specific qualitative and quantitative combinations of a limited number of. The structure of i was elucidated by extensive id and 21 nmr spectroscopy. Monoterpene emissions from the dominant understory species pteridium aquilinum bracken fern in a mixed temperate forest were measured in the field during the summers of 2006, 2007 and 2008. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Grows in open woods and thickets, especially on sandy soils. Bracken ferns pteridium aquilinum are quite common in north america and native to many areas of the united states. Maryland native plant society po box 4877, silver spring, md 20914 mnps is a registered 501c3 charitable organization incorporated in maryland. Cell viability and cell death in ags cell line upon treatment with pteridium aquilinum extract and purified ptaquiloside toxin.
A very vigorous plant, able to spread widely due to its running rhizomatous rootstock it can form large colonies. Application of morphometric study to discriminate pteridium. Pteridium aquilinum pteaqoverview eppo global database. Graduate thesis or dissertation the chemical study of bracken fern, pteridium aquilinum l. James perry this natural history of bracken fern is a broad overview of the plant pteridium aquilinum l. Pteridium aquilinum an overview sciencedirect topics.
Controversy concerning typification of the bracken fern pteridium aquilinum l. The extranuptial nectaries in the common brake, pteridium aquilinum is an article from science, volume. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. It is cosmopolitan in distribution and occurs in both temperate and tropical regions of the world except the arctic zone and the temperate south america. The results showed that bracken fern emitted monoterpenes at different rates depending if the plants were located in the understory or in open areas. Ags cell viability as a function of increasing dose is presented for a p. Carole bergmann maryland native plant society po box 4877, silver spring, md 20914 mnps is a registered 501c3 charitable organization incorporated in maryland. The blades of the fronds are divided into pinnae, the bottom pair.
Kuhn lisa parresol biology department university of north carolina at asheville one university heights asheville, nc 288048509 faculty advisor. Reimers, 1954, is one of the oldest known fern fossil records over 55 million years old have been found. Bracken fern pteridium aquilinum contains numerous deleterious compounds of various. This plant and the related entities italicized and indented above can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below.
The biology and nonchemical control of bracken pteridium aquilinum l. Pteridium aquilinum is the most widespread of the bracken species and. Pteridium aquilinum and its ptaquiloside toxin induce dna. A natural history of bracken fern pteridium aquilinum l. Frost and the advance and retreat of bracken, new phytologist 53 1, 117 1954. The clinical presentation of bracken staggers in horses includes anorexia, weight loss.
The atlas of florida plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information. A threeyear experiment was established on the pasture. In order to confirm their distinctively recognizable morphology, nine features defining each of these taxa were subjected to a morphometric analysis. Binggeli 2005 crop protection compendium pteridium aquilinum l. Petioles reddish brown at base becoming yellow, about as long as the blade. Pteridium aquilinum wikipedia, a enciclopedia livre. Kuhn of the family pteridaceae belongs to the genus pteridiumscopoli. Tryon 1941 recognized a single species with two subspecies, containing 12 varieties, and this. Counties indicated are based primarily on data from weldy, troy, david werier, and andrew nelson. The new york flora atlas is a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state, as well as information on plant habitats, associated ecological communities, and taxonomy. Pteridium aquilinum bracken fern deep green, leathery fronds on upright stems. Pdf preliminary phytochemical and hplc analyses of pteridium aquilinum l kuhn pteridophyceae was carried out in the chloroform ce and ethanol. Pteridium aquilinum, commonly called bracken fern, is a coarse, deciduous, rhizomatous, cosmopolitan fern found on all continents except antarctica.
Pteridium a monotypic genus represented by a single species p. Pteridium aquilinum bracken, brake or common bracken, also known as eagle fern, and eastern brakenfern, is a species of fern occurring in temperate and subtropical regions in both hemispheres. Note that the pdf version is the booklet as published, whereas the excel spreadsheet incorporates subsequent corrections. Hot methanol extracts of bracken fern were solubilized in water and extracted with chloroform followed by. Lady bird johnson wildflower center focused on protecting and preserving north americas native plants through native plant lists and image galleries, conservation, education, natural landscapes, seed collection millennium seed bank msb project, preserving and restoring native communities, spreading awareness on invasive species and gardening to attract wildlife.
Pteridium aquilinum lady bird johnson wildflower center. Pdf antibacterial, phytochemical and proximate analysis of. Nhexane and ethanolic extracts of leaves of pteridium aquilinum were carried out using sohlext extraction method and screened for their. Plants profile for pteridium aquilinum pubescens hairy. We attempted to isolate a carcinogenic substance from bracken fern pteridium aquilinum, a naturally occurring toxicant responsible for the production of chronic enzootic hematuria and urinary bladder cancer of cattle and carcinogenic for various target organs of several species. Bracken fernpteridium aquilinuml kuhn is one of the most intriguing examples of a plant species that can induce stagnation in forest succession figure 1. Pteridium aquilinum bursage, woollyleaf franseria tomentosa clover, red trifolium pretense clover, white trifolium repens dandelion taraxacum officinale dock, curly rumex crispus dogbane, hemp apocynum cannabinum fiddleneck amsinckia spp. Pdf ferns have lived with human beings for a long time. Pteridium aquilinum was wellknown to botanists in prelinnaean times, and linnaeus 1753 cited older european literature sources in his description of pteris aquilina.
The leaves or fronds of western brackenfern are normally from 1 to 10 feet 330 dm long including a stipe leafstalk that may be as long as 39 to 59 inches 1015 dm but is usually shorter than the leaf blade 119. Arabidopsis thalliana genome tair9 go annotation downloaded on. Kuhn w bond, g davies, r turner hdra, ryton organic gardens, coventry, cv8, 3lg, uk bracken brake, brackenfern pteridium aquilinum l. Kuhn 5 kenya localized native hemp, 2002 madagascar present native bloesch et al. The extreme lightness of its spores has led to its global distribution. Petioles reddish brown at base becoming yellow, about as long as the blade, glabrous.
In the 1970s it was invading more than 10 000 hectares of agricultural land annually. Observations on the microanatomy of the spermatozoid of. Observations on the microanatomy of the spermatozoid of the. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. Kuhn bracken, bracken fern, brackenfern, northern bracken fern, western brackenfern, fougere des aigles direct children. It is typically found in woods including somewhat dry woodland areas, fields, old pastures, thickets, areas with disturbed soils, burnedout areas and marshes. Salient features of structure of the spermatozoid of a fern pteridium aquilinum have been determined by a combination of visual and ultraviolet microscopy, with electron microscopy of shadowcast whole mounts and thin sections, using magnifications up to but not exceeding 50,000 diameters. Plants profile for pteridium aquilinum western brackenfern. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in.
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